Using small excerpts of disciplinary expert text can help enliven disciplinary thinking in classrooms and improve text sets that are being used.

Researchers have found the difference between constrained and unconstrained reading skills, still relevant for understanding literacy interventions.

Reading comprehension involves word recognition and language comprehension. Disciplinary literacy adapts these skills to specific subjects.

The term critical thinking evokes images of the ancient town-squares of Athens or the salons of the Enlightenment. In our increasingly digital "town squares," we may have limited contact with those who hold opposing views from our own or even be oblivious to the existence of dive